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Graphene Entrepreneur. 867 likes. As a service of the National Graphene Association, Graphene Entrepreneur helps drive the commercialization of graphene by facilitating communications

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Green tea, melatonin, vitamin C, bovine serum, albumin, sugars and even bacteria was also studied. Hydrothermal, solvothermal reduction, catalytic and photocatalytic reductions have also been developed. Furthermore, surfactant and boiling point of solvents also effect on GO.At the current level of development, the properties and binding structure of graphene are important toward the recent applications. The knowledge produced by the systematic functionalization of graphene could be a much haunting basis for discovering the chemistry and nanomaterials.Finally, GO and GO-based nanomaterials and its graphene derivatives are essential for future applications such as fuel cells, vivo sensors, supercapacitors, energy storage devices, and transparent electronics, which will undoubtedly improve when defined graphene derivatives are employed. Future technology expected that the full development and growth will depend only on graphene and its functionalized composite materials. This chapter highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with GOs. Subject of interest in this chapter is exploring opportunities and technologies related to energy, pure water and good health. References 1. Croft RC. Lamellar compounds of graphite. Quarterly Reviews, Chemical Society. 1960;14:1-453. Hummers WS, Offeman RE. Preparation of graphite oxide. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1958;80:1339-13394. Huang Y, Liang J, Chen Y. An overview of the applications of graphene-based materials in supercapacitors. Small. 2012;8:1805-18345. Li J, Östling M. Prevention of graphene restacking for performance boost of supercapacitors. Crystals. 2013;3:163-1906. Chen H, Guo X. Field-effect transistors: Unique role of self-assembled monolayers in carbon nanomaterial-based field-effect transistors. Small. 2013;9:1144-11597. Eigler S. A new parameter based on graphene for characterizing transparent, conductive materials. Carbon. 2009;47:2936-29398. Chung C, Kim YK, Shin D, Ryoo SR, Hong BH, Min DH. Biomedical applications of graphene and graphene oxide. Accounts of Chemical Research. 2013;46:2211-20249. Xie G, Zhang K, Guo B, Liu Q, Fang L, Gong JR. Graphene-based materials for hydrogen generation from light-driven water splitting. Advanced Materials. 2013;25:3820-383910. Schedin F, Geim AK, Morozov SV, Hill EW, Blake P, Katsnelson MI, Novoselov KS. Detection of individual gas molecules adsorbed on graphene. Nature Materials. 2007;6:652-65511. Lü K, Zhao G, Wang X. A brief review of graphene-based material synthesis and its application in environmental pollution management. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2012;57:1223-123412. Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV, Jiang D, Katsnelson MI, Grigorieva IV, Dubonos SV, Firsov AA. Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene. Nature. 2005;438:197-20013. Du X, Skachko I, Barker A, Andrei EY. Approaching ballistic transport in suspended graphene. Nature Nanotechnology. 2008;3:491-49514. Stankovich S, Dikin DA, Dommett GHB, Kohlhaas KM, Zimney EJ, Stach EA, Piner RD, Nguyen ST, Ruoff RS. Graphene-based composite materials. Nature. 2006;442:282-28615. Sudibya HG, He Q, Zhang H, Chen P. Electrical detection of metal ions using field-eEffect transistors based on micropatterned reduced graphene oxide films. ACS Nano. 2011;5:1990-199416. Stankovich S, Dikin DA, Piner RD, Kohlhaas

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Open access Submitted: 15 May 2018 Published: 19 September 2018 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.79640 Ganesh Shamrao Kamble* Kolhapur Institute of Technology’s, College of Engineering (Autonomous), IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan *Address all correspondence to: ganeshchemistry2010@gmail.com 1. IntroductionThis chapter aims to introduce the emerging technologies of graphene oxide (GO) in various fields such as industrial, medical, electronics, artificial intelligences, materials and alloys, energy storage devices, optical, physics, mechanical, nanomaterials, and sustainable chemistry. Graphene oxide analogy to graphene was first discovered by chemist Benjamin C. Brodie in 1859 and further quick method was developed by Hummers and Offeman in 1957; globally, the method is known as Hummers’ method [1]. Advertisement2. History of synthesis of GO and structureGraphene is a two-dimensional (2D) carbon sheet having sp2 hybridization with molecular weights of more than 106–107 g/mol. It has been packed into a honeycomb lattice (Figure 1). The bulk material of graphite that was discrete in single monolayer sheets showed noteworthy properties and hence its single monolayer structure motivated in various applications. The exfoliation of graphene oxide was synthesized by using strong oxidizing agents such as KMnO4 and conc. H2SO4 [2, 3].Figure 1.Schematic representation of single layer graphene oxide with zig-zag and arm-chair edges. Advertisement3. Overview of applications and future opportunities of GOMany devices of GO overtake reference systems, for example, capacitors [4, 5], foldable electronic devices [6], translucent electrodes [7], biomedical applications [8], pollution management [9], sensors [10], H2-generation [9] and energy applications [11].Because of its honeycomb lattice with two carbon atoms per unit cell, graphene oxide shows an innumerable of exceptional chemical and physical properties. Due to the valence band and conduction band touch, the Brillouin zone corners [12] so as charge carriers in graphene behave like massless relativistic particles. Due to the delocalized out-of-plane π bonds arising from the sp2 hybridization carbon atoms, an unprecedented high carrier mobility of ≈200,000 cm2 V−1 s−1 has been achieved for suspended graphene [13].For the bulk production of GO, exfoliation is the most developed attractive method. The pristine graphite is converted into graphite oxide (GO sheets) by using a mixture of KMnO4 and concentrated H2SO4 [14, 15, 16]. In the oxidation of GO, large numbers of oxygen-containing functional groups such as epoxides, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups are attached onto the graphene basal plane and edges. Due to its hydrophilic nature, it is easily dispersed in water or polar organic solvents. The structural and electrical properties of pristine graphene are obtained by using reducing agents and thermal treatment, sodium borohydride [17], hydrazine [18] and thermal reduction [19, 20], respectively. Due to carcinogenic and highly toxic reducing agents property, in the recent years, reduction of GO is carried out by green reductants agents such as polyphenols of

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Nanotube modelerMonday, 21 March 2011 | By Nadia CircuPuteti gasi programul de simulare aici:Click here to download NanotubeModelerPress "Save" or "Run" from the next dialog windowNanotube Modeler is a program for generating xyz-coordinates for Nanotubes and Nanocones. The Fullerene library by M.Yoshida may be accessed as well. Generated geometries may be viewed using the integrated viewer or by calling a viewer program of your choice. This program is based on the JNanotubeApplet but has improved and extended features. Main Features Creation of Nanotubes, Nanocones, Buckyball, Graphene Sheets Creation of capped (9,0) and (5,5) tubes Application of tube distortions Creation of single- or multi-walled nanotubes (SWNT, MWNT) Export of XYZ, JPG, BMP, PDF, MOL, XMOL, PDB, CIF, VRML, POV files Import of XY-Sheet coordinate files (can be rolled into tube) Display of Drexler-Merkle molecular machines from IMM XY-Sheet generation tool (image search / manual assembly) Nanotube Hetero-Junctions (using CoNTub plug-in) Import of XMOL coordinate files (distortions can be applied to nanotube data) More capped tubes (6,6), (10,0) and (10,10) Create tubes by number of translational units Custom MWNT input / Radius calculator / MWNT sequence finder Expanded number of atoms for longer tubes Rainbow color mode New CIF output option for ICSD style atom data block User-assigned bond order for MOL file export Modified for European customers (decimal point/comma issue) Select one or both caps for capped tubes Extra long tubes (>100,000 A) Export bond connection files Export MLM files (Agile Molecule) Export Nano-Hole Arrays Export VRML1.0 (in addition to VRML2.0) Multi-Layer Graphene Sheets Rotation option for Multi-Layer Graphene Sheets New (1.7.0): Added Ga-N to tube type selector New (1.7.0): Added Icosahedral Virus Geometry generator. Graphene Entrepreneur. 867 likes. As a service of the National Graphene Association, Graphene Entrepreneur helps drive the commercialization of graphene by facilitating communications On this page you can download Graphene Entrepreneur and install on Windows PC. Graphene Entrepreneur is free Business app, developed by Shoutem, Inc. Latest version of Graphene Entrepreneur is 5.62.9, was released on (updated on ).

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Superior thermal conductivity of single-layer grapheneAA Balandin, S Ghosh, W Bao, I Calizo, D Teweldebrhan, F Miao, CN LauNano letters 8 (3), 902-907, 2008171492008Extremely high thermal conductivity of graphene: Prospects for thermal management applications in nanoelectronic circuitsS Ghosh, I Calizo, D Teweldebrhan, EP Pokatilov, DL Nika, AA Balandin, ...Applied Physics Letters 92 (15), 200826262008Dimensional crossover of thermal transport in few-layer grapheneS Ghosh, W Bao, DL Nika, S Subrina, EP Pokatilov, CN Lau, AA BalandinNature materials 9 (7), 555-558, 201017012010Lattice thermal conductivity of graphene flakes: Comparison with bulk graphiteDL Nika, S Ghosh, EP Pokatilov, AA BalandinApplied Physics Letters 94 (20), 20097022009Measurement of the WZ production cross section in pp collisions at sqrt (s)= 13 TeVCMS collaborationarXiv preprint arXiv:1607.06943, 2016303*2016Heat conduction in graphene: experimental study and theoretical interpretationS Ghosh, DL Nika, EP Pokatilov, AA BalandinNew Journal of Physics 11 (9), 095012, 20092932009Raman nanometrology of graphene: Temperature and substrate effectsI Calizo, S Ghosh, W Bao, F Miao, CN Lau, AA BalandinSolid State Communications 149 (27-28), 1132-1135, 20091702009Extremely high thermal conductivity of graphene: Prospects for thermal management applications in silicon nanoelectronicsAA Balandin, S Ghosh, D Teweldebrhan, I Calizo, W Bao, F Miao, CN Lau2008 IEEE Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop, 1-2, 20081242008Thermal conductivity of nitrogenated ultrananocrystalline diamond films on siliconM Shamsa, S Ghosh, I Calizo, V Ralchenko, A Popovich, AA BalandinJournal of Applied Physics 103 (8), 20081002008Lateral graphene heat spreaders for electronic and optoelectronic devices and circuitsAA Balandin, D Kotchetkov, S GhoshUS Patent App. 12/418,297, 2010942010Properties of graphene produced by the high pressure–high temperature growth processF Parvizi, D Teweldebrhan, S Ghosh, I Calizo, AA Balandin, H Zhu, ...Micro & Nano Letters 3 (1), 29-34, 2008832008Goiter prevalence and iodine nutritional status of school children in a sub-Himalayan Tarai region of eastern Uttar PradeshAK Chandra, A Bhattacharjee, T Malik, S GhoshIndian Pediatrics 45 (6), 469, 2008592008Superior Thermal Conductivity of Single-Layer GraphemeS Ghosh, W Boa, I Calico, D Teweldebrhan, F MiaoNan Letters. 8 (3), 902-7, 2008492008Extraordinary thermal conductivity of graphene: possible applications in thermal managementAA Balandin, S Ghosh, DL Nika, EP PokatilovECS Transactions 28 (5), 63, 2010172010Etiological factors for the persistence of endemic goiter in selected areas of Siddharthnagar

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, /PRNewswire/ -- Midea, a global leader in home appliances, is thrilled to unveil its latest innovation, the Midea Flexify™ Pro Air Fryer Oven, at the 2025 Kitchen and Bath Industry Show (KBIS). This next-generation kitchen appliance promises to revolutionize cooking experiences, offering advanced technology, unparalleled speed, and versatility—all in one elegant package. The Midea Flexify™ Pro represents the latest and most advanced model in the Flexify™ series, designed to meet the evolving needs of modern home cooks. Building on the success of its predecessor, the Midea Flexify™ Classic, the Flexify™ Pro incorporates cutting-edge Graphene Heater Technology, which enables faster cooking, improved energy efficiency, and superior performance. With its sleek design and professional-grade capabilities, the Midea Flexify™ Pro Air Fryer Oven is set to become an essential addition to any kitchen. Graphene Heater Technology for Unmatched Efficiency and Cooking Performance At the heart of the Midea Flexify™ Pro's innovation is Graphene Heater Technology, a breakthrough that enhances cooking efficiency. Graphene, a material known for its exceptional heat conductivity, has been integrated into the heating technology of the Flexify™ Pro. This advanced graphene technology enables heating up in just 0.2* seconds, significantly reducing preheating time and streamlining the cooking process. With no need to wait for preheating, users can quickly move on to preparing multiple dishes in succession, enhancing the overall cooking efficiency.The graphene heating tubes generate temperatures 90% higher than conventional heating elements, allowing the oven cavity to heat up quickly and reach its optimal cooking temperature much faster. Whether

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KA, Kleinhammes A, Jia Y, Wu Y, Nguyen ST, Ruoff RS. Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. Carbon. 2007;45:1558-156517. Shin H-J, Kim KK, Benayad A, Yoon S-M, Park HK, Jung I-S, Jin MH, Jeong H-K, Kim JM, Choi J-Y, Lee YH. Efficient reduction of graphite oxide by sodium borohydride and its effect on electrical conductance. Advanced Functional Materials. 2009;19:1987-199218. Kim MC, Hwang GS, Ruoff RS. Epoxide reduction with hydrazine on graphene: a first principles study. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 2009;131:0647019. Yang D, Velamakanni A, Bozoklu G, Park S, Stoller M, Piner RD, Stankovich S, Jung I, Field DA, Ventrice CA Jr, Ruoff RS. Chemical analysis of graphene oxide films after heat and chemical treatments by X-ray photoelectron and micro-raman spectroscopy. Carbon. 2009;47:145-15220. Chen W, Yan L, Bangal PR. Preparation of graphene by the rapid and mild thermal reduction of graphene oxide induced by microwaves. Carbon. 2010;48:1146-1152 Written By Ganesh Shamrao Kamble Submitted: 15 May 2018 Published: 19 September 2018 © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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In implanting false memories into the memory of experimental mice. They were implanted in their heads with fiber optic wires connected to the brain regions responsible for memory formation. Scientists used them to send laser signals that affected certain areas of neurons. As a result, it was possible to achieve both the erasure of some of the memories of the mice and the formation of false ones. For example, rodents forgot that they once had pleasant meetings with females in a particular part of the cage and no longer wanted to go there. At the same time, scientists managed to create new memories that the “dangerous” cell compartment is attractive, and the mice tried to be there.At first glance, these results look like child’s play, and even with dubious ethical implications. Meanwhile, neurophysiologists found the parts of the brain responsible for memory (hippocampus and prefrontal cortex) and created, albeit primitive, methods of influencing them. This provides broad prospects for improving the ways of affecting the brain, and in the future, it will allow the treatment of phobias and mental disorders. It is not excluded that in the foreseeable future, it will be possible to create devices for batch uploading data into the human brain for rapid learning of sciences that require memorizing a large amount of data; for example, it will be possible to master a foreign language in the shortest possible time.22. Ultra-durable graphene material created.Graphene is a unique material in strength and many other properties, which Russian physicists first obtained (working in Britain) Konstantin Novoselov and Andrei Geim in 2004. 6 years later, scientists were awarded the Nobel Prize for this, and today graphene is actively studied and already used in some products. The uncommonness of the material lies in several of its features at once. First, it is the second strongest (after carbine) of the currently known materials. Secondly, graphene is an excellent conductor with which unique electronic effects can be achieved. Thirdly, the material has the highest thermal conductivity, which allows it to be used in semiconductor electronics without fear of overheating.Particular hopes are pinned on graphene in its use in super-capacity batteries, which are lacking in electric vehicles.In 2017, Samsung introduced one of the first graphene-based batteries with 45% more capacity than its comparable lithium-ion counterpart. But the most important thing is that the new battery charges and delivers a charge 5 times faster than usual. It is noteworthy that this is not a complete graphene battery but a hybrid battery, where an innovative material is used as an auxiliary one. More precisely, when developers create a complete graphene battery, it will become a real revolution in energy. The main problem in the widespread use of graphene is the high cost of its production and drawbacks in technologies that do not yet allow obtaining a homogeneous material. However, already now, the number of applications for patents using graphene has gone off-scale for 50 thousand, so there is no doubt that.. Graphene Entrepreneur. 867 likes. As a service of the National Graphene Association, Graphene Entrepreneur helps drive the commercialization of graphene by facilitating communications

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Is one of the reasons why LOOP is modular in design – to offer flexibility to scale. The modular LOOP means it can be deployed almost anywhere, with the ability to dock with existing infrastructure. With an additional hydrogen separator, LOOP can deliver pure hydrogen directly at the point of use.“Businesses everywhere are putting increasing focus on their net-zero plans, but for those that are reliant on significant heat or power, decarbonising remains a challenge. LOOP offers a way to decarbonise an existing natural gas supply and provide hydrogen back into the industrial processes” says Steve Jones, Head of LOOP Sales and Business Development at Levidian. The costs associated with hydrogen are based on its production, how it is transported, and what its intended end use is. “Hydrogen must be derived from inputs such as methane, water, or renewable electricity, so there will always be a cost associated with its production, but the LOOP process of generating hydrogen can be controlled. The modular design of LOOP requires very few changes to infrastructure, while the cost of producing the hydrogen is offset by the value of the graphene that is also produced” explains Steve. Graphene is truly superlative. It is the thinnest, lightest, strongest (100 to 300 times stronger than steel) material, best conductor of heat at room temperature, and best-known conductor of electricity.The graphene produced by LOOP is sustainable and, when produced using waste gas, is carbon negative. Graphene can be used as produced or functionalised for numerous applications – making materials stronger, lighter, and more efficient. “LOOP allows further downstream decarbonisation of industries utilising the graphene produced. For example, if graphene is introduced into concrete, it becomes stronger, therefore less concrete is needed in the construction process. This is also true of polymers and composites that might be used

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Scientists have found a new use for an old toy. They’ve mixed graphene, a form of carbon (C) that can conduct electricity, with Silly Putty—a stretchy, moldable substance. The result: an extremely sensitive material that can measure a person’s pulse. SILLY PUTTY: The original toy can bounce like a solid or flow like a liquid. The enhanced putty is slightly stiffer than regular Silly Putty, says Jonathan Coleman, a physicist at Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland, and lead scientist on the project. But the most important difference is visible when Coleman’s team connects the graphene-putty mixture to a battery. Pressing on the substance the slightest bit measurably changes the amount of electricity flowing through it. When placed on the skin, the material can detect a person’s heartbeat.Coleman says the putty could eventually be used in medical devices to measure people’s pulse and blood pressure. “Continuously monitoring blood pressure isn’t an easy thing to do,” he says. “This may be a simple and cheap way.” GRAPHENE Graphene consists of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb pattern. It’s transparent, 200 times as strong as steel, and efficient at conducting heat and electricity.. Graphene Entrepreneur. 867 likes. As a service of the National Graphene Association, Graphene Entrepreneur helps drive the commercialization of graphene by facilitating communications

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To manufacture vehicles – making them more lightweight and therefore, use less fuel. Graphene in rubber tyres can increase material properties to reduce the number of fine particles in the air leading to better air quality” describes Steve.Tackling climate changeTo become the clean fuel of the future, it is crucial to focus on the carbon footprint associated with hydrogen production and scale and invest in technologies and infrastructure that will help to address climate change most effectively. Methane is a naturally occurring molecule and is produced through “normal” activities like food consumption and waste. Being able to utilise this methane to produce hydrogen and graphene offers a valuable opportunity for a circular economy to reduce the amount of damaging methane allowed into the atmosphere. With LOOP, there are three things that dictate the environmental benefit: the source of the methane (utilising methane that would otherwise be vented or flared is the most beneficial), where the electricity comes from to power the system, and finally what the graphene produced is used for. “LOOP can significantly help with the green credentials of a business. The energy of the gas going into the LOOP is the same as that coming out – it just has less carbon in it. A LOOP100 has the potential to produce 15 tonnes of hydrogen (enough to satisfy average weekly gas demand from 30,000 UK homes) and 14.25 tonnes of graphene from 75 tonnes of methane input. That would result in a total CO2 equivalent saving per year around 260 tonnes” explains Mike.Levidian is currently scaling up the technology to deploy LOOP1000+, each of which could remove more than 1,000 tonnes of CO2 equivalent annually.Industry impactHeavy industry is a key market for LOOP. Steve explains that “LOOP can decarbonise a typical industrial process by up to 40%. This